Novitropic

Novitropan (Oxybutynin) is a medication that is used to treat the symptoms of overactive bladder and is often used to treat neurological disorders such as neurogenic bladder dysfunction. It belongs to a class of drugs known as antimuscarinic agents, which work by blocking muscarinic-type receptors in the bladder, resulting in decreased spontaneous bladder activity and decreased urinary frequency. Novitropan may help reduce the need to go to the toilet frequently and reduce urinary incontinence. It is available in various forms, including tablets and patches for skin use.

適應症 Novitropana

1. Burning frequency syndrome (OAB): This is a condition in which patients experience a strong urge to urinate and/or urination with excessive frequency, which can significantly affect their quality of life.
2. Urgency urinary incontinence: Patients with this condition experience a sudden and irresistible urge to urinate, which can lead to urinary incontinence.
3. Urinary incontinence: This is a condition in which patients experience an inability to control urination, which can lead to accidents and social problems.
4. Other urological disorders: Novitropan may also be used to treat other urological disorders associated with overactive bladder and dysuric symptoms.

發布表單

1. Tablets: usually come in tablet form and are taken whole with a little water.
2. Capsules: This is another oral (internal) form that comes in the form of capsules, which are also taken whole, with water.

藥效學

1. Mechanism of action: Oxybutynin is an antagonist of muscarinic receptors, primarily M3 receptors, which are located in the smooth muscles of the bladder. By blocking these receptors, oxybutynin reduces the activity of the muscarinic nervous system, which results in decreased spontaneous bladder activity and increased bladder capacity.
2. Reduction in bladder spasms: Blocking muscarinic receptors in the smooth muscle of the bladder results in decreased spasms and decreased frequency of bladder contractions, which relieves symptoms associated with the feeling of needing to urinate.
3. Increase in bladder capacity: Blocking muscarinic receptors also results in relaxation of the bladder wall, allowing it to hold more urine before the need to urinate.
4. Reduction in urinary incontinence symptoms: Through its mechanism of action, oxybutynin helps improve symptoms of urinary incontinence, such as urinary frequency, inability to control urination, and frequent urge to urinate. Urination.

藥代動力學

1. Absorption: Oxybutynin is generally well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract following oral administration. Peak plasma concentrations are typically achieved 1-3 hours after administration.
2. Metabolism: Oxybutynin undergoes extensive metabolism in the liver, including N-demethylation and hydroxylation, resulting in the formation of active metabolites such as N-desethyloxybutynin and N-oxidoxybutynin.
3. Bioavailability: The bioavailability of oxybutynin after oral administration is approximately 6-15% due to its significant first pass metabolism in the liver.
4. Distribution: Oxybutynin and its metabolites are negligibly bound to plasma proteins. It also crosses the blood-brain barrier.
5. Excretion: Oxybutynin and its metabolites are excreted primarily in the urine, both as unmetabolized compounds and as metabolites. About 50% of the dose is excreted unchanged in the urine.
6. Half-life: The half-life of oxybutynin is about 2-3 hours, while for its active metabolites it may be longer.

劑量和管理

1. Dosage: The usual starting recommended dose for adults is 2.5 mg twice daily. In the future, the doctor may adjust the dose depending on the effectiveness and tolerability of the drug. The maximum daily dose usually does not exceed 5 mg twice a day.
2. Method of administration: Novitropan tablets are taken whole, usually in the morning and evening, regardless of meals. It is not recommended to chew or split the tablets.

在懷孕期間使用 Novitropana

The use of Novitropan during pregnancy should be carried out only for strict medical indications and under the supervision of a doctor.

A limited number of studies have been conducted to assess the safety of oxybutynin during pregnancy. Therefore, there is insufficient data on its effects on fetal development.

If a pregnant woman needs to use Novitropan, the doctor should carefully assess the potential risks to the mother and fetus before prescribing the drug. Doctors generally recommend avoiding the use of oxybutynin in the first trimester of pregnancy due to possible risks to the fetus. If it is necessary to use it in subsequent trimesters, the doctor may decide to use it, taking into account the benefits to the mother and the risks to the fetus.

禁忌

1. Hypersensitivity: People with a known hypersensitivity or allergic reaction to oxybutynin or other components of the drug should avoid using it.
2. Severe gastrointestinal disorders: In cases of acute constipation, ulcerative colitis, obstructive bowel disorders, or other serious gastrointestinal disorders, the use of oxybutynin may not be advisable.
3. Glaucoma: The drug may increase intraocular pressure, so its use is not recommended for open-angle glaucoma or in patients at risk of developing it.
4. Tachyarrhythmias: The use of oxybutynin may be contraindicated in patients with tachyarrhythmias as it may increase heart rate.
5. Severe liver and kidney dysfunction: If you have severe liver or kidney dysfunction, you should consult your doctor before taking oxybutynin.
6. Myasthenic syndrome: The use of oxybutynin may be contraindicated in patients with myasthenic syndrome due to its muscarinic receptor antagonistic effects.
7. Major prostatic hypertrophy: Oxybutynin should be used with caution in patients with large prostatic hypertrophy as it may increase the risk of acute urinary retention.

副作用 Novitropana

1. Dry mouth: This is one of the most common side effects of oxybutynin. Patients may experience a feeling of dry mouth, which can lead to discomfort, difficulty speaking and swallowing, and an increased risk of tooth decay.
2. Constipation: Oxybutynin may cause the passage of food through the intestines to slow, which in turn can lead to difficulty bowel movements and constipation.
3. Gastrointestinal disorders: These may include nausea, vomiting, dyspepsia and abdominal pain.
4. Headache: Some patients may experience headaches while taking oxybutynin.
5. Drowsiness and fatigue: Oxybutynin may cause drowsiness or fatigue, which may impair concentration and responsiveness, especially in the early days of treatment or when dosage changes.
6. Tachycardia: Some patients may experience heart palpitations or palpitations while taking oxybutynin.
7. Decreased tear production: Some patients may experience decreased tear production, which can lead to eye dryness and discomfort.
8. Other rare side effects: These may include changes in appetite, dizziness, sleep disturbances, allergic reactions, etc.

過量

Oxybutynin overdose can lead to serious side effects and complications. Signs of overdose may include increased symptoms of side effects such as dry mouth, constipation, visual disturbances, tachycardia, arrhythmias, drowsiness, dizziness and others.

與其他藥物的相互作用

1. Anticholinergic drugs: Use of oxybutynin in combination with other anticholinergic drugs (eg, antihistamines, some antidepressants) may result in increased anticholinergic effects and an increased risk of side effects such as dry mouth, constipation, tachycardia, and difficulty urinating.
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2. Drugs affecting the central nervous system: Oxybutynin may enhance the effects of other drugs that affect the central nervous system, such as sedatives, benzodiazepines and alcohol, which may lead to increased drowsiness and other unwanted effects.
3. Drugs that cause tachycardia: Combining oxybutynin with drugs that can cause increased cardiac activity (such as sympathomimetics) may potentiate tachycardic effects and increase the risk of cardiac arrhythmias.
4. Drugs that affect metabolism: Changes in the metabolism of oxybutynin can occur under the influence of other drugs, including inhibitors or inducers of cytochrome P450 isoenzymes, which can lead to an increase or decrease in the concentration of oxybutynin in the blood.
5. Drugs affecting the gastrointestinal tract: Use of oxybutynin with drugs that affect gastrointestinal motility or digestion (for example, prokinetics or antacids) may alter the rate and completeness of absorption of oxybutynin from the gastrointestinal tract.