New tool links types of Alzheimer's disease to rates of cognitive decline
最近審查：14.06.2024
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Mayo Clinic researchers have discovered a range of changes in the brain characterized by unique clinical features and immune cell behavior, using a new tool called the corticolimbic index to diagnose Alzheimer's disease. Leading cause of dementia.
Their results were published in JAMA Neurology. The tool classifies cases of Alzheimer's disease into three subtypes based on the location of changes in the brain and builds on the team's previous work by showing how these changes affect people differently. Unraveling the microscopic pathology of a disease can help researchers identify biomarkers that could influence future treatments and patient care.
The new Corticolimbic Index tool assigns a score to the location of toxic tau proteins, which damage cells in areas of the brain associated with Alzheimer's disease. The study showed that differences in the accumulation of these proteins influence disease progression.
“Our team found striking demographic and clinical differences among gender, age at symptomatic onset, and rate of cognitive decline,” says Melissa E. Murray, Ph.D., a translational neuropathologist at the Mayo Clinic in Florida and senior author of the study. p>
The team analyzed brain tissue samples from a multiethnic group of nearly 1,400 Alzheimer's patients donated from 1991 to 2020. The samples are part of a multiethnic cohort from the Florida Alzheimer's Disease Initiative housed at the Mayo Clinic Brain Bank. This cohort was created through a partnership with the State of Florida's Alzheimer's Initiative.
The sample included Asian, black/African American, Hispanic/Latino, Native American, and non-Hispanic white people who were treated at memory disorder clinics in Florida and donated their brains for research.
To confirm the clinical utility of the tool, the researchers further studied Mayo Clinic study participants who underwent neuroimaging while they were alive. In collaboration with a Mayo Clinic team led by Prashanti Vemuri, Ph.D., the researchers found that corticolimbic index scores were consistent with changes in the hippocampus detected by MRI and with changes detected by tau protein positron emission tomography (tau). -PET) in the cerebral cortex.
Association between structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) and tau PET scanning and tangle distribution in the corticolimbic region. Source: JAMA Neurology (2024). DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2024.0784
"By combining our expertise in the fields of neuropathology, biostatistics, neuroscience, neuroimaging and neuroscience to study Alzheimer's disease from all angles, we have made significant advances in understanding how it affects the brain," says Dr. Murray.
"The Corticolimbic Index is an assessment that may contribute to a paradigmatic shift in understanding the individuality of this complex disease and expand our perception. This study represents a significant step towards personalized care, offering hope for more effective future therapies."
The next step for the research team is to translate the findings into clinical practice by making the corticolimbic index tool available to radiologists and other healthcare professionals.
Dr Murray says the tool could help doctors determine the progression of Alzheimer's disease in patients and improve clinical management. The team also plans further studies using this tool to identify areas of the brain that are resistant to the toxic protein tau.