Benefits of red cabbage juice for inflammatory bowel disease

A team of researchers from the University of Missouri is exploring how red cabbage juice, long used in folk medicine, can relieve inflammatory digestive diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in mice, offering hope to an estimated 5 million people worldwide suffering from IBD, including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.

The article, “Modulation of Gut Microbiota by Red Cabbage Juice Improves Intestinal Epithelial Homeostasis and Alleviates Colitis,” was published in the International Journal of Molecular Sciences.

IBD is characterized by chronic inflammation in the digestive tract. Main symptoms include severe abdominal pain, weight loss, anemia and diarrhea. In severe cases, IBD can increase the risk of death if left untreated.

Santayana Rachagani, an assistant professor in the Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery and the Roy Blunt NextGen Precision Health Center at the University of Missouri, is leading a team that is making breakthroughs in nutraceuticals—the medicinal benefits of natural foods—to modulate the gut microbiota and alleviate inflammatory diseases such as IBD. Rachagani's team found that red cabbage juice contains many bioactive compounds that improve gut health and relieve IBD symptoms in mice.

"Red cabbage juice changes the composition of the gut microbiota, increasing the number of beneficial bacteria, which leads to increased production of short-chain fatty acids and other bacterial metabolites that mitigate inflammation," Rachagani said. "These changes in gut microbiota are associated with improved intestinal barrier function, enhanced colon repair, and antioxidant effects, which ultimately reduce intestinal damage and colon inflammation."

Mice are widely used to study IBD because colitis in mice closely resembles ulcerative colitis in humans. Therefore, the study results provide potentially valuable data on the benefits of red cabbage juice for people with colon inflammation and other symptoms of IBD.

Nagabhishek Sirpu Natesh, a postdoctoral fellow working on the project, said that treatment with red cabbage juice increased the number of beneficial bacteria in the gut, which in turn activated an anti-inflammatory receptor in the colon of mice. Additionally, red cabbage juice increased the number of regulatory T cells, promoting anti-inflammatory immune balance and further reducing colon inflammation.

Currently, the main pharmacological treatment for IBD is monoclonal antibodies aimed at eliminating inflammation. However, most patients find that the effectiveness of this treatment decreases over time. Therefore, researchers are increasingly looking for solutions that target the molecular mechanism in the gut that causes IBD.

“These results provide new insights into the mechanisms of the therapeutic effectiveness of red cabbage juice in relieving IBD,” Rachagani said. "Its ability to modulate gut microbiota, activate anti-inflammatory pathways and enhance immune regulation highlights its potential as a valuable therapeutic agent for IBD and related inflammatory diseases."

Not only do the bioactive compounds promote the growth of beneficial bacteria in the gut, but red cabbage juice is an excellent source of dietary fiber, further enhancing its potential for gut health.